Umphakathi wezinto ezisetshenziswayo uthola ushintsho lwesakhiwo. Abathengi, abalawuli, nabatshalizimali abasasenelisekile ngentengo nokuhlanzeka kuphela; manje sebecela idatha yekhabhoni, ubufakazi bezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nezimangalo zezemvelo eziqinisekisekayo. Kubakhiqizi, abahwebi, kanye namathimba okuthenga, ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyenza inkampani esimeme kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kusho ukudlula ngale kolimi lokukhangisa nokungena ekusebenzeni okulinganisekayo kukho konke ukumbiwa, ukucutshungulwa, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokuphela kwempilo yomkhiqizo. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza izincazelo, izindinganiso, kanye nenani lebhizinisi elingemuva kwezinto ezintsha ezisetshenziswayo ezisimeme, futhi ukhombisa ukuthi izinhlangano eziseHebei nakuzo zonke izintambo zokuhlinzeka zomhlaba zingakha kanjani izinhlelo ezinokwethenjelwa. Endleleni sihlola izindlela zokukhiqiza ezinciphisa ikhabhoni, ukuklama okuyindilinga, ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo, izilinganiso zokubika ze-ESG, izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa, kanye nezingcindezi zokuhambisana nezomthetho ezifika zivela eYurophu nakwezinye izimakethe. Umgomo uwukufundisa okusebenzayo: ukunikeza amathimba ezobuchwepheshe nawezohwebo isilulumagama kanye nezinhlaka abazidingayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezingcono.

Izinto ezintsha ezisimeme ziyizinto ezithuthukisiwe noma ezenziwe ngobuchwepheshe okukhiqizwa kwazo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo, kanye nokuphela komjikelezo wazo wokuphila kuphathwa ngendlela yokunciphisa umthwalo kwezemvelo ngenkathi kugcinwa noma kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kwazo. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinhlanganisela zomhlaba onqabile, izitsha zobumba zobuchwepheshe, izinto zokukhanya, usawoti we-fluoride, amapholima agaywe kabusha, i-aluminium enekhabhoni ephansi, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe. Okuhlukanisa into esimeme kweyejwayelekile akusona isici esisodwa kodwa iphrofayela ebhaliwe: amandla asetshenziswayo ngekhilogramu ngayinye, ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngeyunithi yokusebenza ngayinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha noma okusekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi, ukugaywa kabusha, kanye nokuqina ekusetshenzisweni. Into ehlala isikhathi esiphindwe kabili kodwa esebenzisa amandla angu-30% engeziwe ekukhiqizeni kungase kube ukukhetha okungcono kwezemvelo, yingakho ukucabanga ngomjikelezo wokuphila kubalulekile. Izincazelo zibalulekile ngoba izicaciso zokuthenga, amakhredithi okwakha aluhlaza, kanye nezinhlelo zokudalula konke zibhekisela emibandeleni ethile, futhi izimangalo ezingacacile zibanga ukuhlolwa. Enkampanini ehweba ngokunqamula imingcele, incazelo esebenzayo yezinto ezintsha ezisimeme imane nje iyilena: ukusebenza ongakukala, ubufakazi ongabuhlola, kanye nezimangalo ongazivikela.

Ububanzi bokusimama ezintweni zokwakha busabalele nakwizici zezenhlalo nokubusa okuvame ukunganakwa ezingxoxweni zobuchwepheshe. Izimayini nezitshalo zokucubungula zikhiqiza umsebenzi wendawo, kodwa futhi zingadala ukuphazamiseka komphakathi, ukuchayeka emsebenzini, kanye nokuncintisana kwamanzi. Ukubusa kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekugunyazweni nasezinhlelweni zokuphatha imvelo kuya emikhubeni yokulwa nenkohlakalo kanye nokuqondisa kwebhodi ngobungozi besimo sezulu. Inkampani esimama ngokweqiniso ihlanganisa lezi zici kunokuba ithathe imvelo njengephrojekthi ezimele. Emkhakheni wezinto ezintsha, lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezingavamile nokucubungula kwamakhemikhali acwengile kuhilela ikhemistri eyinkimbinkimbi, ilayisensi yomphakathi yokusebenza incike ekuxhumaneni okusobala nabalawuli nomakhelwane. Izinsiza zemfundo mayelanaIkhaya chaza ukuthi abakhiqizi abasekudala basakha kanjani izinga, imvelo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezokuphepha mayelana nalezi zimo zangempela. Ukuqonda ububanzi obugcwele kusiza abathengi ukuthi babuze imibuzo engcono futhi kusiza abahlinzeki ukuthi balungiselele izimpendulo ezingcono ngaphambi kokuba kufike ucwaningo lokuhlola.

Ukukhiqizwa okunekhabhoni ephansi yikhona okugxilwe kukho ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezinto ezibonakalayo mayelana nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, futhi izindlela zokwenza lokhu ziqondwa kahle ngisho noma ukwamukelwa kwazo kuhluke kakhulu. Eyokuqala iwukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni kwezamandla: ukusuka kugesi wamalahle noma ugesi ojwayelekile ukuya ezivumelwaneni zokuthenga ugesi ovuselelekayo, ilanga elisetshenziswa endaweni, noma izintela zokuluhlaza. Eyesibili ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, ikakhulukazi ukubuyiswa kokushisa ezithandweni zokushisa eziphezulu, eziko, nezinqubo zokushisa amatshe, lapho ukushisa okulahlwayo kungashisisa izinto zokufaka noma kukhiqize umusi. Eyesithathu ukufakwa kukagesi ezinqubweni ezazisebenza ngamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okuhlanganisa ukomisa, ukuncibilikisa, nokukhiqiza umusi, kuhambisane nokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni kukagesi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Eyesine ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo: ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza, ukulawulwa okuqinile kwenqubo, nokunakekelwa okungcono konke kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo othengiswayo. Eyesihlanu ukushintshwa kwezinto zokufaka, okuhlanganisa izinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezigaywe kabusha nezindlela zamakhemikhali anekhabhoni ephansi. Ithuluzi ngalinye linobukhulu bemali ehlukile nesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwemali, ngakho-ke uhlelo oluthembekile lokunciphisa ikhabhoni luhlela ngokulandelana kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle kanye nokulungela kobuchwepheshe esikhundleni sokufuna ukwenza okukhulu kuphela.

Ukulinganisa umkhakha oguqula lezi zinto zokusebenzisa zibe wuhlelo olulawulwayo. Umkhiqizi udinga idatha yomsebenzi yamafutha nogesi, izici zokukhishwa kwegesi ezifanele igridi yasendaweni, kanye nemithetho yokwabiwa kwezitshalo zemikhiqizo eminingi. Ngaphandle kwemingcele engaguquki, ukuqhathanisa konyaka nonyaka kuba okungenanjongo futhi ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle kuyahluleka. Izinkampani ziya ngokuya zamukela ukuqoqwa kwempahla ye-scope 1 ne-scope 2 kuqala, bese zandisa kumikhakha ye-scope 3 njengezimpahla ezithengiwe, ukuthuthwa okungenayo, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo edayisiwe. Kumkhiqizi wezinto ezihlukahlukene osebenza ezimakethe zezinto zokubona, i-ceramic, i-rare-earth, nezinto zamathambo ezokwelapha, izinyathelo zonyawo lomkhiqizo zidinga ukwenziwa kwemephu yezinqubo ezihlukene emugqeni ngamunye. Ukubeka intengo yekhabhoni yangaphakathi, ngisho ngentengo yesithunzi encane, kusiza amaqembu onjiniyela ukuthi babeke phambili amaphrojekthi anciphisa kokubili ukukhishwa kwegesi nezindleko zamandla zesikhathi eside. Izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokulinganisa, umnikazi wokulawulwa kwedatha, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwikota nobuholi bokusebenza, ukuze ukusebenza kwekhabhoni kulawulwe njenganoma iyiphi enye i-KPI yokukhiqiza esikhundleni sokubikwa kanye ngonyaka.

Ukuklama okuyindilinga kudinga ukuthi onjiniyela bacabange ngokuhlakazwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto, nokubuyiswa kwazo zisencathulweni yomqondo hhayi ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usudayisiwe. Kubakhiqizi bezinto, lokhu kuhumusha ekuklameni ama-alloy namakhompiyundi angaphinde ancibilike noma aphinde acutshungulwe ngaphandle kokungcola okungamukeleki, ukucacisa izindlela zokuxhuma ezihambisanayo, nokulebula ukwakheka kwezinto ukuze abahlaziyi bezinto ezisetshenzisiwe bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo. Ukuklama kokuhlakazwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-assembly ayinkimbinkimbi nalawo anezinto eziningi, lapho ukuxhumana okungapheli kwenza ukubuyiswa kungabi nokwenzeka ngokwezomnotho. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ngokuvamile kuyisu lokuklama okuyindilinga elinenani eliphezulu kakhulu ngoba kugcina amandla asetshenzisiwe kanye nokutshalwa kwemali ekucubunguleni osekuvele kwafakwa ezintweni. Ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye namalungiselelo okubuyisa okuvalekile kusebenza kahle lapho umkhiqizi egcina ubunikazi noma egcina ubudlelwano besevisi nekhasimende. Ezomnotho ziba ngcono lapho izintengo zezinto ezintsha zishintshashintsha, okuye kwaba yiphethini yezinto eziningi zomhlaba onqabile kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Inkampani esimeme ithatha into yesibili njengomthombo wokudla wamasu, hhayi njengomcabango wokugcina wokusingatha imfucuza.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kuyisithiyo esiyinhloko ekwandiseni okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphezulu. Abathengi bakhathazekile ngokulandeleka, ukungcola, nokungafani phakathi kwamaqoqo, futhi lokho kukhathazeka kufanelekile emikhakheni efana nengilazi ye-optical, ama-phosphors, kanye ne-ceramics yezinga lezokwelapha. Impendulo ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokungena, ukulandelana kwesitifiketi esibhaliwe, kanye nokufaneleka kokulinga namakhasimende ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kwesisindo. Abakhiqizi abakwazi ukuphatha izinga lokudla okugaywe kabusha bathola inzuzo ehlala njalo njengoba izimfuneko zokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha zikhula ezimakethe zokupakisha, ezokwakha, nezimoto. Kuyasiza futhi ukuhlukanisa izingxoxo ezimbili: ukugaywa kabusha (ukuthi into ingatholakala yini ngobuchwepheshe) kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwangempela (ukuthi iyaqoqwa futhi icutshungulwa yini empeleni). Ukusho ukugaywa kabusha ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda yokuqoqa kuwumthombo ovamile wengozi yokuhlanza okuluhlaza. Ukuxhumana okusobala mayelana nokwenzeka ekupheleni kwempilo, kuhlanganise nokulinganiselwa, kwakha ukuthembana okukhulu kunezimangalo ezinethemba ezingenakufakazelwa ngaphansi kokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo wuhlaka lokuhlaziya lwezimangalo ezingathenjwa zokusimama kwezinto ezibonakalayo. I-LCA ilinganisa imithelela yemvelo kuzigaba ezichaziwe: ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukucubungula okuyisisekelo, ukuthutha, ukukhiqiza, isigaba sokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuphela kwempilo. Umphumela ovame kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwebhizinisi yisikhathi sekhabhoni ngekhilogramu ngayinye noma ngeyunithi yokusebenza, kodwa ukushoda kwamanzi, i-eutrophication, i-acidification, kanye nezinkomba zobuthi nakho kungalinganiswa. Izindinganiso ezifana ne-ISO 14040 ne-ISO 14044 zilawula indlela yokusebenza, kuyilapho imithetho yesigaba somkhiqizo ichaza ukuthi amaqembu athile omkhiqizo kufanele ahlolwe kanjani ukuze imiphumela iqhathaniseke. Ukukhetha okubaluleke kakhulu kunakho konke ku-LCA iyunithi yokusebenza, ngoba inquma ukuthi yini eqhathaniswayo. Ikhilogramu eyodwa yezinto ezimbili akuvamisile ukuba ukuqhathanisa okulungile uma zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile ekusetshenzisweni. Izifundo ze-cradle-to-gate zivamile ekuthengisweni kwezinto zebhizinisi-kuya-kwebhizinisi, kuyilapho izifundo ze-cradle-to-grave ziyadingeka ezigabeni ezibhekene nabathengi. Ukuqinisekiswa yiqembu lesithathu elizimele kuguqula isifundo sangaphakathi sibe ubufakazi bezemakethe obuvikelekile.

Ngokomkhuba, abakhiqizi abaningi baqala ngezilinganiso zezinga lokuhlola ezakhiwe ngedatha yesibili, bese becwengisa izindawo ezigqamile ngodatha yezitshalo eziyisisekelo. Le ndlela yezigaba igcina izindleko zilawuleka futhi igxilisa umzamo lapho ukukhishwa kwegesi kugxile khona, okuvame ukuba ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla nokucubungula okushisa okuphezulu. Ikhwalithi yedatha kufanele ibhalwe ngokucacile, kufaka phakathi umthombo, isikhathi, ukumelela kwezindawo, nokungaqiniseki. Lapho imiphumela ishicilelwa ezimemezelweni zemikhiqizo yezemvelo, ukudalulwa kuba yimpahla yezentengiselwano abathengi abangayifaka ngqo ekubalweni kwabo kwezinga lesi-3. Kubakhiqizi abagxile ekuthengiseni ngaphandle, i-EPD noma indawo yonyawo eqinisekisiwe ingasifinyeza kakhulu isikhathi sokufaneleka komhlinzeki. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi i-LCA iyaphindaphinda: njengoba igridi incipha ikhabhoni futhi izinqubo zithuthuka, izindawo zonyawo ziyashintsha, futhi izimemezelo zidinga ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izinhlangano ezithatha i-LCA njengocwaningo lwesikhathi esisodwa kunedathasethi ephilayo zivame ukuthola ukuthi izibalo zazo ezishicilelwe seziphelelwe yisikhathi phakathi neminyaka embalwa.

Ukubika kwe-ESG kwezinkampani zezinto ezibonakalayo kuyaphumelela lapho kugxile eqoqweni elincane lezilinganiso ezihlobene nezinqumo esikhundleni sohlu lwemibuzo oluphelele. Ngasohlangothini lwezemvelo, iqoqo eliyisisekelo lihlanganisa izinto ezikhishwayo ze-scope 1 ne-2, i-scope 3 isigaba 1 sezimpahla ezithengiwe, ukushuba kwamandla ngetoni ngayinye yomkhiqizo, ukudonswa nokukhishwa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane, amazinga okukhiqizwa kwemfucuza nokuphambukiswa kwayo, kanye nephesenti lokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha. Ngasohlangothini lwezenhlalo, izindaba ezibalulekile yi-impilo nokuphepha emsebenzini (izinga lokuvama kokulimala okulahlekelwa isikhathi, ukubikwa kwezingozi eziseduze), ukwakheka kwabasebenzi, amahora okuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi ezifundeni zokusebenza. Izilinganiso zokubusa kufanele zihlanganise ukugadwa kwebhodi ngezimo sezulu nokuphepha, ukufinyeleleka kokuqeqeshwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha nokulwa nenkohlakalo, ukwamukelwa kwekhodi yokuziphatha yabahlinzeki, kanye nephesenti lokusetshenziswa kwemali okuhlolwe ingozi ye-ESG. Isilinganiso ngasinye sidinga umngcele ochaziwe, umnikazi, indlela yokubala, kanye nomkhondo wobufakazi, ngaphandle kwalokho idatha ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nokuqinisekiswa. Inkampani esimeme ishicilela iqoqo lezilinganiso elingaguquki unyaka nonyaka, ichaza izinguquko zendlela ngokusobala, futhi igwema ukuphinda ibhale umlando ngaphandle kwencazelo.

Umkhombandlela wokulawula uhamba ngasekudaluleni okuyimpoqo nokuqinisekisiwe. Izinhlaka ezihlanganisa i-EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, izindinganiso zokusimama ze-IFRS, kanye nemibuso ehlukahlukene kazwelonke zihlangana ekusobaleni ngesimo sezulu, abasebenzi, kanye nokucaca kochungechunge lwamagugu. Kubaphakeli babathengi abakhulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi imibuzo ye-ESG isiyaba yingxenye yesivumelwano kunokuba ibe ngokuzithandela, futhi izimpendulo ezingahambisani phakathi kwamakhasimende zidala ingozi. Ukuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha ohlelweni olulodwa, ngokulawulwa kwezinguqulo kanye namalogi okucwaninga, kushibhe kakhulu kunokuphendula isicelo ngasinye ngesandla. Amabhizinisi amancane kufanele aqale ngokuhlola ukubaluleka ukuze akhombe ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezithinta ngempela inani lebhizinisi, bese akha ikhalenda ledatha ukuze ulwazi luqoqwe ngokuqhubekayo kunokuba kuqoqwe ngokuxhamazela minyaka yonke. Ukulungela kuboniswa kangcono ngokushicilela umbiko omfushane oneemingcele ecacile, isitatimende sokuqinisekisa esilinganiselwe, kanye nengxoxo eqotho ngezikhala namasu okulungisa.

Ukucindezela komthetho ezintweni zokwakha kuyakhula, futhi i-EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism iyisibonelo esigqame kakhulu kubathumeli bangaphandle. I-CBAM idinga ukuthi abangenisi bezimpahla ezithile ezinamakhabhoni amaningi babike izinto ezikhishwayo ezifakwe kuzo futhi, esigabeni sokugcina, banikeze izitifiketi ezihambisana nalezo zinto ezikhishwayo. Kubakhiqizi baseHebei nakwezinye izindawo, imiphumela engokoqobo iwukuthi kube nedatha yezinto ezikhishwayo elungele ukuqinisekiswa, ukubikwa kwezinga lokufakwa, nokuhambisana nezindlela zokubala ze-EU. Ngaphandle kwekhabhoni, imithetho yokuphepha kwamakhemikhali, udoti wokupakisha, imigqa yokuhlinzeka engenakugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza ngempoqo konke kuthinta abakhiqizi bezinto zokwakha ngqo noma ngamakhasimende. Ukuhambisana akusewona umsebenzi wamadokhumenti oqedwa ehhovisi lokuthengisa; kudinga idatha yobunjiniyela, ukulinganisa kokukhiqiza, nokubambisana komhlinzeki phezulu. Izinkampani ezakha umsebenzi wokuqapha imithetho futhi zihlobanise izibopho nemigqa ethile yemikhiqizo zigwema indlela yokuxakeka ngokuphendula okunciphisa inzuzo nedumela.

Izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa zihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda yobufakazi okuncike kuyo kokubili ukulawula nokuthenga. Izimangalo zokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha zivame ukusekelwa nge-ISCC PLUS, i-Global Recycled Standard, noma izinhlelo ezifanayo zokulandelela umkhiqizo, ngayinye inobubanzi nemithetho yokucwaninga ehlukile. Ukuphathwa kwemvelo ngokuvamile kuqinisekiswa nge-ISO 14001, ezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini nge-ISO 45001, kanti izinga lomkhiqizo nge-ISO 9001. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuphathwa kwamandla ngaphansi kwe-ISO 50001 kubonisa ukuphathwa okuhlelekile kokusebenza kahle. Kubathengi, ukuqinisekiswa kuyisinqamuleli sokuzethemba kodwa akusikho ukuthatha indawo yokuqonda ukuthi kwacwaningwa ini ngempela. Amamodeli okulandelela umkhiqizo ayahluka: ukulinganisela kwesisindo kuvumela ukuxutshwa kwezinto eziqinisekisiwe nezingaqinisekisiwe ngaphakathi kwemithetho echaziwe, kuyilapho ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kudinga ukwehlukaniswa okuqinile. Ukukhetha imodeli efanele kuncike kumkhiqizo, emakethe, nokuthi isimangalo somthengi ngokwakhe sidinga ini. Ukungaqondi kahle lezi mehluko kuyimbangela evamile yokumangalela ngokweqile.

Ukucwaningwa kwe-ESG kwabahlinzeki kuhumusha ukuzibophezela kwenqubomgomo kube umkhuba oqinisekisiwe, futhi izinga lawo lihluka kakhulu. Ukucwaninga okuthembekile kuhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo, ukuhamba endaweni, izingxoxo nabasebenzi, nokuthathwa kwesampula yobufakazi, okwenziwa abacwaningi abanekhono elifanele lobuchwepheshe. Kubakhiqizi bezinto ezisetshenziswayo, izindawo zokucwaninga ezibalulekile zihlanganisa idatha yezinto ezikhishwayo namandla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eyingozi, ukulawulwa kothuli nokungena komoya, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela komuntu, amahora okusebenza, nezindlela zokukhononda. Okutholakele ocwaningweni kufanele kuhlelwe ngezinga lobukhulu ngezikhathi zokulungisa ezichaziwe kunokuba kwethulwe njengohlu lokuhlola olungahlukanisiwe. Izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa ukucwaninga okumenyiwe nokulandelelwa okungamenyiwe futhi zihlanganisa okutholakele kumakhadi okulinganisa abahlinzeki anomthelela ezinqumweni zokuthenga. Lapho ukucwaninga kungukuhwebelana nje, abahlinzeki bafunda ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kunokuthuthukisa uhlelo. Ukubonakala kwezigaba eziningi kunzima kodwa kubalulekile, ngoba izingozi eziningi zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlala ezigabeni ezimbili noma ezintathu phezulu ekumbiweni, ekuhlanzeni, noma ekuguqulweni kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuthola izinto ngendlela enesibopho esifundeni esifana ne-Hebei kuhilela kokubili ithuba nobunkimbinkimbi. Lesi sifundazwe sinezimboni ezigxilile ezinamandla avuthiwe kwezamakhemikhali nezinto zokwakha, okusekela amabanga amafushane okuthutha kanye namanethiwekhi aminyene abahlinzeki. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanganisela zamandla, ukuqina kokuphoqelelwa kwezemvelo, kanye nezinqubo zabasebenzi ziyahlukahluka ezikhungweni, ngakho-ke ukuphenya okufanele kwabathengi kudinga ukuba kube okukhethekile esikhungweni ngasinye esikhundleni sokwenziwa jikelele ngokwesifunda. Izinyathelo ezingokoqobo zihlanganisa ikhodi yokuziphatha yabahlinzeki enezidingo ezicacile zezemvelo nezenhlalo, uhlu lwemibuzo lokwamukela oluhlukaniswe ngezigaba zobungozi, ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi ngesikhathi endaweni, kanye nokwesekwa kokwakha amandla kubahlinzeki abancane. Ukulandelela okudijithali, okuhlanganisa imibhalo yezinga lamaqoqo kanye nama-pasipoti omkhiqizo edijithali ekugcineni, kuzokwenza lezi zinqubo zisebenze kahle kakhulu. Ukutshala imali emandleni abahlinzeki esikhundleni sokumane udedele abathengisi abangahambisani nemithetho kuvame ukukhiqiza imiphumela engcono yesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi lapho izinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezikhethekile zidinga iminyaka ukuze ziqondwe kahle.

Isisekelo sezohwebo sokusimama ezintweni ezintsha sisekelwe phezu kwezinsika ezine: ukufinyelela, izindleko, ingozi, nokwehlukanisa. Ukufinyelela kubalulekile ngoba abathengi abakhulu baya ngokuya befuna idatha eqinisekisiwe yezemvelo njengombandela wokufaneleka, futhi ukuthengwa kwempahla yomphakathi kuvame ukukala imigomo yokusimama. Izindleko zithuthuka ngokusebenzisa kahle amandla, ukwanda komkhiqizo, nokuncipha kwemfucuza, konke lokhu okubonakala esitatimendeni semali engenayo kungakhathalekile noma yimuphi umhlomulo wangaphandle wokubika. Ingozi yehla lapho inkampani ikwazi ukukhombisa ukuhambisana nemithetho ngaphambi kwemikhawulo yezikhathi zokulawula futhi ikwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yamakhasimende ngaphandle kokubambezeleka. Ukwehlukanisa kuvela lapho izimangalo zokusebenza zibhalwe phansi futhi ziqinisekisiwe, okuvumela umkhiqizi ukuthi ancintisane ngokunye ngaphandle kwentengo ezigabeni eziseduze nempahla evamile. Inkampani esimamayo iphinde ihehe amakhono futhi igcine amakhasimende phakathi nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzeka, ngoba ukwethemba okwakhiwe phezu kokusobala kuqinile. Lezi zinhlomulo ziyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bebona ukusimama njengekhono lokusebenza kunomkhankaso wokuxhumana.

Ezinhlanganweni eziqala lolu hambo, ukulandelana kwezinyathelo okunengqondo kusebenza kangcono kunomzamo wokuqala ophelele. Qala ngokuhlola ukubalulekile kanye nohlu lwemithombo yokukhishwa kwesisekelo esihlanganisa izinga 1 no-2. Sungula ukuphathwa kwedatha futhi uqoke abanikazi abaphethe. Khomba izindawo ezintathu eziphezulu zokukhishwa kwesisi esikhulu futhi uhlole amaphrojekthi ashibhile okusebenza kahle kanye nokubuyisela ukushisa. Yakha ikhodi yokuziphatha yabahlinzeki futhi uhlukanise isisekelo sokuhlinzeka ngezinga lobungozi. Khetha izitifiketi ezidingwa ngempela yimakethe, hhayi zonke izinhlelo ezikhona. Shicilela umbiko omfishane, othembekile onencwadi ecacile yendlela yokusebenza. Bese uphinda njalo ngonyaka, wandise ukuhlanganiswa kwezinga 3 futhi uthuthukise izinga ledatha umjikelezo ngamunye. Kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, kuyasiza ukuhlola indlela amaphothifoliyo emikhiqizo achazwa ngayo ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi, ngoba imindeni ehlukene yezinto inezimpawu zonyawo ezihluke kakhulu futhi idinga izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ezihlukene. Ukufundisa amaqembu angaphakathi, kusukela kwezokuthengisa kuya ekukhiqizeni, kugcina izimangalo zilungile futhi kuvimbela ukweqisa okudala icala lokukhohlisa kwemvelo.

I-Lanke (Hebei) New Materials Co., Ltd. isebenze emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, wamehlo, wezinto ezingavamile, wobumba kanye nezinto zamathambo ezokwelapha iminyaka engama-26, futhi lokho kuphila isikhathi eside kuhlobene ngqo nokusimama. Abakhiqizi abaphila isikhathi eside baqongelela ulwazi lwenqubo, ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki kanye nezinhlelo zekhwalithi okuyizinto eziyisisekelo sedatha ethembekile yezemvelo kanye nokuphathwa okungaguquki kwezinto zokugaywa kabusha. Izinkampani ezinamakhono asunguliwe okwenza ngokwezifiso ngobukhulu bezinhlayiyana nokuhlanzeka zingakwazi kalula ukuqinisekisa izinto zesibili futhi zilungise izinqubo ukuze zinciphise ukushuba kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo. Ukuzibandakanya kwenkampani nabalingani bokuthenga be-B2B bomhlaba wonke kusho futhi ukuchayeka ekulindelweni kwamakhasimende omhlaba wonke mayelana nemibhalo nokuhambisana nemithetho, okuqhubayo ukuqondiswa kwangaphakathi. Amathimba adinga ukucaciselwa ngezincazelo, ukuhlolwa noma amalungiselelo angemva kokuthengisa angasebenzisa izinsiza eziku-Ukusekelaikhasi, lapho iziteshi zokuxhumana nemibuzo evamile kuhlanganiswa khona. Kubathengi, isikhathi somhlinzeki esihambisana nokuphathwa kwemvelo okubhaliwe kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuthembeka.

I-greenwashing ayivamisile ukuqala ngokukhohlisa ngamabomu; ivamise ukuqala ngamaqembu anezinhloso ezinhle asebenzisa ulimi oludlula ubufakazi bawo. Amaphethini ajwayelekile ahlanganisa ukusho ukuthi umkhiqizo "unobungani bemvelo" ngaphandle kwesisekelo esichaziwe, ukuqhathanisa into ethile nesisekelo esibuthakathaka, ukugqamisa isilinganiso esisodwa esihle kuyilapho kushaywa indiva isigaba esikhulu somthelela, ukusebenzisa amakhredithi wamandla avuselelekayo ukusho ukuthi umkhiqizo awukhiphi isisi esikhulu kuyilapho ukucubungula kwawo kusebenzisa amandla e-fossil kakhulu, nokwethula ukusetshenziswa kabusha njengokungathi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuqinisekisiwe. Amagama angacacile njengokuthi "oluhlaza," "okwemvelo," nokuthi "okusimeme" ayingozi ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezilawulwayo lapho iziphathimandla sezihlola izimangalo zezemvelo. Ikhambi liwukulandela inqubo: zonke izimangalo zangaphandle kufanele zilandele umthombo obhaliwe, zisho umngcele neyunithi yokusebenza, futhi zibuyekezwe ngumuntu onolwazi lobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokushicilelwa. Ukumaketha nobunjiniyela kufanele babe ngabanikazi ngokuhlanganyela berejista yezimangalo. Lapho isimangalo singenakufakazelwa, impendulo efanele iwukusisusa noma ukusichaza ngokugcwele kunokuba kuthanjiswe amagama aze angakwazi ukuhlolwa.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukuthatha isitifiketi njengomugqa wokugcina. Isitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuphatha noma inqubo yokulandelela ukuhamba kwempahla yahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ngesikhathi esithile; asiqinisekisi ukusebenza okuqhubekayo noma asimbozi yonke imikhiqizo edayiswa yinkampani. Abathengi kufanele bafunde isitatimende sobubanzi ngokucophelela futhi bahlole ukuthi yiziphi iziza nemigqa yemikhiqizo efakiwe. Ngokufanayo, isimemezelo somkhiqizo wemvelo sisebenza kuphela ngokwedatha eyisisekelo nemithetho yezigaba zemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe. Ukusobala mayelana nemikhawulo, kuhlanganise nezikhala zedatha nokucatshangelwayo, empeleni kuqinisa ukwethembeka kubathengi abanolwazi olujulile. Ezikampanini ezisebenza ezimakethe eziningi, ukubuyekezwa kwezimangalo kufanele futhi kubhekele imithetho yasendaweni, njengoba ukuqinisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nezincazelo zomthetho kuhluka. Ukwakha iqoqo lezimangalo elinesizotha nelinobufakazi obuhle nokulikhulisa njengoba idatha ivuthwa kuphephile kakhulu kunokushicilela izitatimende ezikhangayo nokuzama ukufaka ubufakazi ngemuva kwalokho.

Inkampani esimeme kulo mkhakha ihlanganisa ukusebenza kwemvelo okulinganisekayo nemikhuba enomthwalo wemfanelo yezenhlalo nokubusa. Ngokomsebenzi, lokho kusho ukuthi kube nokuhlolwa kwemvelo okuqinisekisiwe okuhlanganisa izinga 1 no-2, uhlelo oluthembekile lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukulawulwa kwamanzi nemfucuza okubhaliwe, izinhlelo zokuphatha ezemvelo nezokuphepha eziqinisekisiwe ezifana ne-ISO 14001 ne-ISO 45001, ikhodi yokuziphatha yabahlinzeki enokuhlolwa okusekelwe ezingozini, kanye nokubika okusobala. Futhi kusho ukuthi izimangalo zilandelwa zize zifinyelele ebufakazini futhi imikhawulo idalulwa ngokuthembekile. Ukuphila isikhathi eside nokujula kwezobuchwepheshe kusekela lawa makhono, ngoba idatha ethembekile incike ezinqubweni ezizinzile kanye namathimba anolwazi.

Ukulinganisa kuqala ngemininingwane yomsebenzi: uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe, ugesi othengiwe, kanye nokukhishwa kwezinto ezilimazayo lapho kufanele khona. Lokhu kuphindwa ngezinto ezifanele zokukhishwa bese kwabiwa emikhiqizweni kusetshenziswa imithetho echaziwe. Abakhiqizi abaningi baqala ngemingcele ye-cradle-to-gate ehlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa kuze kufike esangweni lefekthri, bese bandisa ekuhlanganiseni umjikelezo wempilo ephelele. Indlela yokusebenza kufanele ilandele i-ISO 14040 ne-ISO 14044, kanye nemithetho yezigaba zemikhiqizo lapho ikhona ukuze imiphumela iqhathaniseke. Ukuqinisekiswa kwabantu besithathu kuqinisa umphumela wokudalulwa kwamakhasimende kanye nokubika okulawulwayo. Ukubalwa kabusha kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba ukunikezwa kwamandla nezinqubo zishintsha, futhi isisekelo sanoma yikuphi ukuphinda kuchazwe kufanele kuchazwe.

Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo kuvimbela izinqumo ezinenhloso enhle ukuthi zingadlulisi umthwalo usuka kwesinye isigaba uya kwesinye. Into yokwenziwa enciphisa isisindo emotweni ingase yehlise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli esigabeni sokusetshenziswa kuyilapho inyusa izinto ezikhishwayo ekucubeni, futhi ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuphela okuveza umphumela wangempela. I-LCA iphinde inikeze isisekelo seyunithi yokusebenza esenza ukuqhathanisa kube okulinganayo, ngoba izisindo ezilinganayo zezinto ezihlukene azivamisile ukuletha inkonzo elinganayo. Kubaphakeli be-business-to-business, idatha yomkhondo wonyawo eqinisekisiwe ingena ngqo ekubalweni kwe-scope 3 yekhasimende. Kwezokumaketha, izimemezelo zemikhiqizo yezemvelo ezisekelwe ku-LCA zithatha indawo yezimangalo ezingacacile ngezibalo ezicwaningekayo.

I-CBAM idinga ukuthi abangenisi bezimpahla ezimboziwe e-EU babike izinto ezikhishwayo ezihlanganisiwe futhi, esikhathini sokuqinisekisa, banikeze izitifiketi ezihambisana nalezo zinto ezikhishwayo. Ngakho-ke abathumeli bangaphandle badinga idatha yezinto ezikhishwayo esezingeni lesikhungo esibaliwe ngokuhambisana nendlela ye-EU, esekelwe amarekhodi aqinisekisekayo. Impendulo esebenzayo iwukwakha uhlelo lokulinganisa nokuphatha idatha manje, ukuhambisa imingcele yokubala nesiqondiso sokulawula, nokuxhumana nezinhlangano zokuqinisekisa kusenesikhathi. Abakhiqizi abangakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngedatha enembile ngokushesha bazogcina ubudlelwano bamakhasimende kalula kunalabo abangakwazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqiza okunekhabhoni ephansi nakho kunciphisa izindleko zesitifiketi ezithwalwa ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.

Okubalulekile kufanele kulandele isidingo semakethe hhayi ububanzi bephothifoliyo. I-ISO 9001, i-ISO 14001, ne-ISO 45001 ziyisisekelo sekhwalithi, imvelo, nokuphepha. I-ISO 50001 isekela ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlelekile futhi ngokuvamile ibuyisela ngokonga kokusebenza kahle. Mayelana nezimangalo zokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha, i-ISCC PLUS noma i-Global Recycled Standard kungase kudingeke kuye ngomthengi nomkhakha womkhiqizo, futhi imodeli yokulandelana kwesitifiketi ibalulekile ngoba ukulinganisela kwesisindo nokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kusekela izimangalo ezihlukene. Ukwengeza izinhlelo ezingaziceli mthengi zikhulisa umthwalo wokucwaningwa ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zezentengiselwano, ngakho-ke hlela izitifiketi ngokwezidingo zangempela zenkontileka.

Amathenda kufanele abuze imibuzo emithathu: iyiphi iyunithi yokusebenza, yimuphi umngcele ohloliwe, futhi ubani oqinisekise umphumela. Izimangalo ezingenasisekelo esichaziwe, ububanzi obushiwo, noma ukuqinisekiswa yingxenye yesithathu zifanele ukuhlolisiswa. Izimpawu eziqondile eziyisixwayiso zihlanganisa ulimi oluphelele olufana nokuthi i-carbon neutral ngaphandle kwencazelo yezinxephezelo noma amakhredithi, ukuqhathanisa nezisekelo ezingacacisiwe, nokugcizelela isilinganiso esisodwa esihle kuyilapho imithelela emikhulu ingakhulunywa. Ukucela isimemezelo somkhiqizo wemvelo esiyisisekelo noma isitatimende sobubanzi besitifiketi ngokuvamile kuxazulula ukungacaci ngokushesha. Abahlinzeki abaphendula ngokukhululekile, kuhlanganise nangemikhawulo, ngokuvamile bangabalingani abathembeke kakhulu.

Imikhuba eyindilinga yezinto ezikhethekile igxile ekuklanyweni kokuhlakazwa, ukulawulwa kokungcola, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yempahla yokufaka yesibili. Abakhiqizi bangacacisa izindlela zokuxhuma ezihambisanayo, ukwakheka kwelebula yabahlungi, futhi baqinisekise okokufaka okugaywe kabusha ngokuzama kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kwamanani. Amalungiselelo okubuyisela angaphakathi kwendilinga asebenza lapho umkhiqizi egcina ubudlelwano besevisi nekhasimende. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokukhiqiza kabusha kugcina amandla asemzimbeni futhi ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu kunokugaywa kabusha. Ukubuyiswa kwemfucuza yangaphakathi ngokuvamile kuyinzuzo esheshayo, njengoba ukwakheka kwaziwa futhi ukuhlelwa kwezinto kulula. Ukubhalwa phansi kochungechunge lokugcinwa kubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe izimangalo ezinokwethenjelwa zokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezansi nomfula.

Izinhlelo zokucwaninga ezisebenzayo zihlelwa ngokwezigaba zobungozi esikhundleni sokusetshenziswa ngokufanayo. Abahlinzeki abasengozini enkulu nabachitha imali eningi bathola ukuqinisekiswa okuqondile okuhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo, ukuhamba ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, izingxoxo nabasebenzi, nokuthathwa kwesampula yobufakazi. Okutholakele kufanele kuhlelwe ngokwezigaba zobukhulu obubi kanye nezikhathi zokulungisa, futhi inqubekelaphambili kufanele ifakwe kumakhadi okulinganisa okuthengwa kwempahla. Ukucwaninga okumenyezelwe kuhlangene nokulandelela okungamenyezelwanga kunciphisa isisusa sokulungiselela ngendlela yokukhohlisa. Ukwakha amandla abahlinzeki abancane kuvame ukukhiqiza imiphumela engcono kunokubalahla ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi lapho izinqubo ezikhethekile zidinga iminyaka yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Ukubonakala kwezendlalelo eziningi ezigabeni zokumba nokuhlanza kuseyigebe elinzima kakhulu ukuvala.

Abakhiqizi abancane kufanele bagxile eqoqweni elihlangene, elihlobene nezinqumo: ukukhishwa kwe-scope 1 no-2, ukushuba kwamandla ngetoni, ukudonswa nokukhishwa kwamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza nokuphambukiswa kwayo, okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha, imvamisa yokulimala okuholela ekulahlekelweni isikhathi, amahora okuqeqeshwa, kanye nokumbozwa kwekhodi yabahlinzeki. Izilinganiso zokuphatha zihlanganisa ukugadwa kwebhodi ngezindaba zesimo sezulu nokuphepha kanye nokuqedwa kokuqeqeshwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Isilinganiso ngasinye sidinga umnikazi ochaziwe kanye nendlela yokubala ukuze siqhubeke sisebenza ngaphansi kokuqinisekiswa. Ukuqala ngendlela encane nelandelelanayo kungcono kunokushicilela iqoqo elibanzi elingeke liphindwe. Ukuhlolwa okufushane kokubalulekile kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezithinta ngempela ibhizinisi namakhasimende alo.

Ama-passport emikhiqizo yedijithali ahlose ukunikeza abasebenzisi bangaphansi ukufinyelela olwazini olujwayelekile mayelana nokwakheka, umsuka, ukusebenza kwemvelo, kanye nokuphathwa kokuphela kwempilo yomkhiqizo. Kubaphakeli bezinto ezisetshenziswayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi idatha yezinga lamaqoqo kufanele yakhiwe ngendlela efanele, igcinwe, futhi yabelwe ngezindlela ezifundeka ngomshini. Ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi kuhilela izihlonzi zomkhiqizo ezingaguquki, idatha yenqubo ebhaliwe exhunywe kumaqoqo, kanye nezixhumanisi ezingakwazi ukukhiphela ezinhlelweni zamakhasimende. Izikhathi zokulawula ziyahlukahluka ngesigaba somkhiqizo, kodwa isiqondiso siyafana ezimakethe ezinkulu. Abaphakeli abakha izisekelo zedatha ehlelekile manje bazophendula ngokushesha lapho izidingo ziba yimpoqo, futhi bazothola umsebenzi wangaphakathi wekhwalithi nokuhambisana nemithetho kulula kakhulu.